GIS Map Data Digitization Services
Data Digitization is a conclusive technique for data and storage in the GIS project. It is mostly used to capture the coordinates in point, line, or polygon format. The process of Digitization is expensive and time-consuming and it is converting hardcopy /scanned copy or satellite/ Aerial base maps into vector data.
Polosoft plays a major role in managing services with the accuracy of digitized features or maps. We have experienced digitizers, who knows to interpret maps and digitize the features accurately with lesser time consumption.
Digitization services are mainly used for converting maps, sketches, schematic diagrams, or circuit diagrams into digital formats. Digitization services are also used in zonal maps, contour maps, cadastral maps, topographical maps and utility maps.
Types of GIS Map Digitization
An analog signal or an image is represented by a discrete set of points known as Digitizing. This data after conversion is in the binary format, which is directly readable by a computer. You can convert a text, an image, audio or a video. The analog signals are variable whereas the digital format is the discrete one. There are four types of GIS data digitization.
Manual Digitizing
The operator manually traces all the lines from his hardcopy map and creates an identical digital map on the computer. It is time-consuming and the level of accuracy is also not good.
Heads-Up Digitizing
The method requires scanning a map or image into a computer. Therefore the accuracy increases for the points, lines and polygons using digitizing software with high accuracy.
Interactive Tracing Method
The speed and accuracy increase in tracing one line at a time under the guidance of the operator. This method is an upgraded version of Heads-up digitizing.
Automatic Digitizing
Automatic raster to vector conversion using image processing and pattern recognition techniques. It uses algorithms to identify and digitize the features.
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Accuracy in the Data Digitization Process
In the digitization World, an important role of the GIS database is entirely dependent on the spatial accuracy of the features. And, the accuracy of the digitized map ultimately depends on the quality of the digitization process. The list of errors on digitized maps are classified into the geodetic, machine, cartographic, manuscript, positional and attribute errors.
Geodetic Errors
This is due to the odd choice of a projection system which leads to inaccuracy and improper projection leads to inaccurate placement of elements on the map. Therefore the digitized map features do not overlap each other appropriately.
Machine Error
It occurs due to the digitizing tablet or the software used to digitizing the elements. It is an inherent error that cannot be removed but can only be minimized.Sometimes it occurs when converting the maps from analog to the digital formats.
Cartographic Errors
It arise due to existing mistakes that are present in the source map itself, and it can be transferred into the digital map. Incorrect interpretations or drafting of the elements in the maps are also one of the reasons for these errors.
Manuscript Errors
It occurs based on the quality of the source maps by any stretching, warping, wrinkling, or traces of folding in the original map might affect the digitization process. It may lead to irregular shape, area & coordinates of the digitized features.
Positional Errors
This happens when an element is not captured correctly, and it can be completely rectified. With Positional Error, it is categorized as Dangling Nodes, Switchbacks, knots, and loops, Overshoots, and Undershoots, Silvers, and Overlaps.
Dangling Nodes
It occurs in polygon & polyline method. With the digitized polyline, which hasn’t met, or there is any gap between the nodes where as in a digitized polygon, it happens when a polygon doesn’t connect back to it.
Switchbacks, Knots & Loops
Switchbacks are formed in line with a bend while with knots and loops, the line folds onto itself, creating a polygon. It occurs due to unpractised digitizer with the wrong movement of the cursor.
On-screen digitization is predominantly used in GIS industries as compared to manual digitization. The normal resolution of the image to the scale of the original raster data and digitize the feature with a higher level of accuracy in the on-screen Digitization. At Polosoft, choose our error free data digitization process for your upcoming projects.
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Work Process
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FAQs
- Manual Digitizing
- Heads-up Digitizing
- Interactive Tracing Method
- Automatic Digitizing
- Process Transformation.
- Model Transformation.
- Domain Transformation.
- Cultural/Organisational Transformation.
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